Numbers of Note / Limited Choices

10% of middle-school assignments in ELA, science, and social studies offer students choice in content, process, or product.

3% of middle-school assignments in math offer students choice in content, process, or product.

Note: The study defines choice in content as providing a broad topic from which students choose a specific subtopic; choice in process as allowing students to plan how to undertake a project; and choice in product as students choosing how to present their learning.

Source: Dabrowski, J., & Reed Marshall, T. (2018). Motivation and engagement in student assignments: The role of choice and relevancy. The Education Trust.

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